Geology deals with the composition of Earth materials, Earth structures, and Earth processes. Geology and Earth science are sometimes used synonymously to represent the scientific study of the earth and its components viz. lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere. The study of earth involves application of the basic and applied knowledge of geography, physics, chemistry, biology, mathematics, statistics and evolution. The major thrust areas in the field of earth science research includes the study of soil, geomorphology, biogeography, climatology, meteorology, geochemistry, geology, paleontology, edaphology, pedology, oceanography and limnology. The study of geology and earth sciences provide novel insights into the process of celestial evolution of planet earth and its geological features.