Original Articles
Awad A Al-rashdi, OA Farghaly
Abstract
Electroanalysis is a powerful analytical technique that is increasing in utility in the pharmaceutical industry. Solid electrodes play a crucial role in the voltammetric determination of pharmaceuticals. The potential of solid electrodes has emerged in recent years thanks to their non–toxicity, broad spectrum of analytes, extremely broad concentration range and broad potential window in both anodic and cathodic directions. This review summarizes the application of solid electrodes (either bare or modified electrodes) in pharmaceutical analysis using different electroanalytical techniques, namely, cyclic, linear sweep, differential pulse, square wave and stripping voltammetric techniques. Only four types of solid electrodes will be taken into account, a regular home made solid electrode; carbon paste electrode (CPE) and a three new alternative electrodes; screen printed electrodes (SPE), boron–doped diamond electrode (BDDE) and pencil graphite electrode (PGE).