Vector-Borne Zoonotic Diseases

Upadhyay AK, Maansi, Parmar

Abstract

Canine vector-borne diseases have emerged as one of the most prevalent global infestations globally in recent years. However, the absences of these parasites in any area may be due to diagnostic incapability. There are insufficiencies of systematic studies into vector-borne zoonotic infections in India due to lack of diagnostic zeal in clinicians as well as laboratory associated staff. Diagnosis is mainly dependent on traditional methods using microscopic observation of organisms in stained smears. Serological approaches have their own limitations because sometimes species-specific diagnosis is mandatory. Moreover, serological tests have all the possibility of false positive and false negative results that confound interpretation. Molecular tools based diagnostic tests are costly and requires skilled personnel to carry out. Therefore, a holistic approach is necessary for comprehensive diagnosis to chalk out strategies of treatment and prevention of further spread. Above and beyond, even if the hurdle of diagnosis are met, there is a lack of availability of effective treatment as well as robust surveillance strategies that make it difficult to maintain, making it hard for containment.