Original Articles
Amro Hanora, M. M. Ghorab, Ahm
Abstract
Aqueous dispersed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were successfully synthesized by green chemical and biological synthesis processes using citrus pectin, sodium alginate, chitosan and aqueous extract of fermented fenugreek powder by gamma radiation. The prepared AuNPs are characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, Transmission electronmicroscopy (TEM), Dynamic light scattering (DLS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) spectrum indicates the presence of different functional groups present in the biomolecule capping the nanoparticles. XRD analysis of the gold confirmed the formation of metallic gold nanoparticles. The results demonstrat that the green biological was superior than green chemical synthesis for the production of metal nanoparticles (NPs). This is resulted in production of smallest size particles and more effective as anticancer as follow: AuNPs green chemical synthesis (Citrus Pectin 1%, metal concentration 1mM, pH 7 and radiation dose 5 kGy, size TEM (21nm), DLS (31nm), anticancer IC50 EAC=21.5μg/ml and CACO=24.4μg/ml)} and AuNPs green biological synthesis {(Aqueous extract fermented fenugreek powder, metal concentration 1mM, pH 7, 100OC, size TEM (12nm), DLS (23nm), anticancer IC50 EAC=4.8μg/ml and CACO= 5.45μg/ml)}. The nucleation and growth mechanism of gold nanoparticles is also discussed. The size of nanoparticles is influenced by certain parameters such as the choice of stabilizer, metal concentration, pH during synthesis and absorbed dose. Factorial design was used to study the effect of several parameters on AuNPs production especially effect of temperature and gamma radiation was investigated. The incorporated of AuNPs with reducing and stabilizing agents like citrus pectin, chitosan, sodium alginate and fermented fenugreek powder its increase the antioxidant activity.