Genome Engineering Using the CRISPR Cas9 System

Abdullahi Umar Ibrahim, Mehmet

Abstract

CRISPR technology is the most widely used genetic editing tool to edit, modify, delete, add and replace DNA sequences in both prokaryote and eukaryote, the normal CRISPR pathway cut gene at a specific point by recognizing a Protospacer Adjacent Motif (PAM) and induce double strand break, the cell can repair this destruction through Non- Homologous Enjoining. Scientist takes advantage of this break and inserts a homologous strand with specific changes through Homologous Directed Repair (HDR). CRISPR Interference (CRISPRi) follow the same technique but use a dead, mutated or inactive form Cas9 protein to render gene inactive and thereby block gene expression. In this study we compare both the similarities between CRISPR-Cas9 system and CRISPR Interference and further shown the differences of off-target in both systems.