Raju Shrestha
Abstract
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the frequently diagnosed infectious diseases which is caused mainly by Escherichia coli. E. coli confers resistance against the two major classes of antibiotics due to the production of extended spectrum �?�-lactamase enzymes (ESBL), biofilm, etc. Biofilm produced by uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC) protects from host immune system and prevent entry of antimicrobial compounds.