Review Article
Pani JP*, Pani S and Singh R
Abstract
Background: The present study was conducted to examine apoptotic, cytotoxic and necrotic effects of small size silver nano particles on newly emerging and developing precursor hepatoblast and neuroblast stem cells of vital organs of pregnant Swiss Albino mice and their fresh born fetuses. (10 mother and 10 fetuses from each group including control) Colloidal silver nano were imposed in a stabilizer sodium borohydride environment with disaggregate agent polyvinyl pyrollidone via synthesis and defragmentation of silver nitrate crystal with few drops of 1.5 M sodium chloride (NaCl) solution causes the suspension to turn darker yellow, then gray as the silver nano particles aggregates. Material and method: The size of silver nanoparticles was measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and dynamic light scattering. Zeta potential of silver nanoparticles was determined by laser Doppler micro electrophoresis. After exposing newly emerging and developing precursor hepatoblast and neuroblast stem cells of pregnant Swiss Albino mice (5 to 15 gestational age) and their fresh born fetuses to small size nanosilver for 8 to 24 h in serial 8 micro meter fresh tissue serial cryostat sections cytotoxicity, apoptosis and necrosis was measured by Acridine orange, DAPI, 1:250 dilution Ethidium Bromide and combination assay through con focal microscope view. Result: Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in newly emerging and developing precursor hepatoblast and neuroblast stem cells of pregnant Swiss Albino mice and their fresh born fetuses were detected by Acridine orange, DAPI immune staining and double staining of both combination with propidium iodide also scattered necrosis detected in same in 1:250 dilution Ethidium Bromide and combination assay through con focal microscope view. In TEM and dynamic light scattering analyses, the sizes of nanosilver found varied from 2.75 nm to 20 nm. AgNps were 71.56 nm in hydrodynamic diameter with a zeta potential of -17.52 mV. The Acridine orange, DAPI, 1:250 dilutions Ethidium Bromide and combination assay resulted in an LC50 value of 30 µg/mL. Small size nanosilver caused cytotoxic, apoptotic and necrotic effects in a dose-dependent manner. (0.5, 1, 10 & 15 mg/kg/b. W.) The apoptotic effect of nanosilver was marked up to a concentration of 30 µg/mL. At higher concentrations, the apoptotic effect depleted while the necrotic effect became upraised. Conclusion: The results indicate that small size nanosilver with a zeta potential of -17.52 mV and hydrodynamic diameter of 71.56 nm with TEM diagnosed diameter 2.75 to 20 nm ranges can be used in vitro at concentrations of up to 30 to40 µg/mL.