A Review of Entomological Surveillance and Vector Control, with Concrete Examples that Discuss the Use of Indicators in Monitoring and Evaluation

Ahmed Tabbabi and Jabeur Da

Abstract

The emergence of diseases or vectors is not a new phenomenon but for the last few decades, it seems to be accelerating. The subject of this article was to review the surveillance and response to disease emergence, in particular entomological surveillance. The available published and unpublished reports on entomological surveillance and vector control were collected and reviewed. The relevant entomological indicators target the presence/absence, density or longevity of vector populations, or even the presence of pathogens in the vectors. The role of research is to fill gaps and limit uncertainties that may affect the efficiency of an entomological surveillance program, including vector competence and environmental conditions favorable to emergence and outbreaks.